Experimental studies on cold survival of enchytraeid cocoons

The effect of different culture methods, cold acclimation and desiccation on the supercooling point (SCP), the melting point (MP) of fluids and the quantity of water freezing (osmotically active water) was investigated in individual cocoons of Enchytraeus crypticus and an undescribed Enchytraeus species using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Both species can be easily cultured in the laboratory in agar where the development and hatching of the worms can be observed. Culture methods (agar with nettle leaves or oats as food and wet filter paper without food supply) had a significant effect on fresh weight and SCP of E. crypticus cocoons. The water content (as a proportion of fresh weight) was slightly lower in the cocoons from the wet filter paper cultures. Acclimation at —3 °C did not affect the supercooling ability of E. crypticus cocoons, whereas the SCP of E. sp.1 cocoons was lowered from a mean of —8.7 to —12.4 °C. The supercooling ability of cocoons of E. crypticus was only slightly increased by desiccation and cold acclimation, but the quantity of frozen water was significantly reduced with acclimation and desiccation (2 and 3 min) at room temperature. The MP values of the cocoon fluids reflected these changes in both species. No cocoons of E. crypticus and E. sp.1 survived desiccation and freezing in our experiments and no worms of Enchytraeus albidus, E. crypticus and Henlea perpusilla survived freezing to —10 or —20 °C.     

砖混结构住宅楼温度裂缝的分析及防治方法

对砖混结构住宅楼顶层墙体普遍存在的温度裂缝作了分析，提出了在建筑、结构设计时为控制裂缝应采取的预防措施，以及对温度裂缝的加固处理方法，并以工程实例予以说明。     

Old and New Cultivars of Soya Bean (Glycine max L.) Subjected to Soil Drying Differ in Abscisic Acid Accumulation,Water Relations Characteristics and Yield

Two old (Huangsedadou and Longxixiaohuangpi (LX)) and two new (Jindou 19 (JD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars were used to investigate the influence of soil drying on the abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in leaves, stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf water relations, osmotic adjustment (OA), leaf desiccation tolerance, yield and yield components. The greater ABA accumulation was induced by soil drying, which also inducing g_s decreased at higher soil water contents (SWC) and leaf relative water content (RWC) significantly decreased at lower SWC in the new soya bean cultivars than in the old soya bean cultivars. The soil water threshold between the value at which stomata began to close and the RWC began to decrease was significantly broader in the new cultivars than in the old cultivars. The new cultivars had significantly higher OA and lower lethal leaf water potential than old cultivars when the soil dried. The old cultivars had greater biomass, but lower grain yield than the new cultivars in well‐watered, moderate stress and severe stress conditions. Thus with soil drying, the new soya bean cultivars demonstrated greater adaptation to drought by inducing greater ABA accumulation, stomatal closure at higher SWC, enhanced OA and better water relations, associated with increased leaf desiccation tolerance, greater water use efficiency and higher yield.     

生物质固化成型制品表面裂纹试验研究

针对目前生物质热压成型制品表面易出现裂纹及变形现象,通过试验研究了裂纹形成的影响因素,并结合相关研究成果探讨了裂纹形成的根本原因。结果表明:含水率和进料速度等因素影响裂纹的形成;挤压中材料屈服强度后的塑性流动过程产生的剪应力是裂纹形成的根本原因;保型筒对于减少裂纹的功用主要作用于成型过程的塑性流动阶段。     

不同脱水方式对马拉巴栗种子脱水敏感性和膜脂过氧化的影响

研究在不同脱水速率下，马拉巴栗种子的脱水敏感性与膜脂过氧化的关系。结果表明，在脱水过程中，种子的萌发率、活力指数、出苗率逐渐下降，相对电导率、膜脂过氧化产物MAD含量、POD活性逐渐上升，SOD活性、种子内源ABA含量在脱水初期增加，然后下降。比较3种脱水速率对种子生活力的影响发现，经硅胶脱水后的种子表现出脱水敏感性较低，其次是KNO3脱水和NaCl脱水。因此，快速脱水有利于改善马拉巴栗种子的贮藏寿命。     

冷冲击处理对贮藏期间银杏硬化的影响

以南雄产银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ．）为材料，以０℃的冰水混合物为冷却介质，研究了不同冷冲击处理（１ｈ，２ｈ，３ｈ，４ｈ）对贮藏期间银杏硬化的影响结果表明，冷冲击处理能显著地控制白果的硬化，硬化率随处理时间的延长而降低     

水泥砼路面板底脱空对沥青加铺层反射裂缝的影响分析

采用三维有限元分析方法，计算分析了具有接缝的旧水泥混凝上路面上沥青加铺层在行车简载作用下应力随板底脱空的变化情况，从理论上深入研究了不同板底脱空对沥青加铺层反射裂缝的影响，阐述了板底脱空对沥青加铺层荷载应力的影响。     

浅析水泥砂浆楼地面裂缝的防治

简要阐明了规范水泥砂浆楼地面的施工操作程序和提高工程质量，是施工企业追求经济效益和社会效益的有效途径。     

拉扭加载下疲劳裂纹扩展的试验研究

对航空材料LY12CZ进行了多种比例和非比例拉扭双轴加载下的疲劳试验。采用弹塑性有限元方法对缺口孔边的应力应变进行了分析,探讨疲劳裂纹扩展方向与孔边各应力和应变分量之间的关系。比较分析结果与试验数据得出比例加载下,疲劳裂纹基本上在垂直于最大主应变方向扩展。45°及90°非比例加载下,疲劳裂纹沿着最大剪应变平面扩展。